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Table 6 Parameter estimates of multinomial logit model for climate change adaptation decision

From: Smallholder farmers’ adaptation to climate change and determinants of their adaptation decisions in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia

Explanatory variable

Crop diversification

Changing input use intensity

Change planting date

Tree planting

Integrating crop with livestock

Soil and water conservation

Sex

1.030

(0.205)

1.067

(0.224)

−0.032

(0.212)

−1.823*

(0.031)

4.033

(0.983)

4.298

(0.981)

Age

−0.042

(0.047)

0.053*

(0.024)

0.1764

(0.830)

−1.056*

(0.032)

−0.041

(0.173)

−0.041

(0.105)

Education

0.054

(0.503)

1.223**

(0.003)

1.046*

(0.065)

0.018*

(0.092)

−0.010

(0.922)

0.010*

(0.092)

HH size

0.0487

(0.458)

0.089

(0.194)

0.017

(0.830)

0.080

(0.292)

0.149*

(0.053)

0.149*

(0.053)

Farming experience

0.305

(0.025)

−0.015

(0.058)

0.441

(0.025)

−0.024

(0.94)

0.024

(0.943)

−0.037

(0.230)

Farm size

0.290

(0.005)

0.221

(0.508)

0.368

(0.245)

0.284

(0.401)

0.284**

(0.040)

0.356

(0.261)

Income

0.215

(0.014)

0.308

(0.016)

0.019

(0.629)

0.052**

(0.0286)

0.052*

(0.065)

0.011

(0.706)

Access to market

−0.071

(0.879)

0.107*

(0.070)

−1.111

(0.161)

−0.042

(0.933)

−1.096

(0.221)

0.406

(0.250)

Access to climate information

2.370***

(0.000)

3.233**

(0.001)

2.048*

(0.018)

3.949*

(0.024)

3.949*

(0.024)

2.822**

(0.006)

Access to extension

3.087***

(0.000)

1.999

(0.022)

2.336

(0.051)

2.508

(0.025)

6.725

(0.991)

2.483

(0.071)

Livestock ownership

0.107

(0.070)

0.111

(0.057)

0.112**

(0.055)

0.110*

(0.061)

0.086*

(0.021)

0.117**

(0.045)

Constant

−2.455

(0.043)

−1.717*

(0.078)

−1.884

(0.118)

−2.047

(0.997)

2.504*

(0.042)

−16.252

(0.991)

Base category

No adaptation option

Number of observation

200

Prob > χ 2

0.000

Log likelihood

−198.524

Pseudo R square

0.590

  1. ***, **, * Significant at 1, 5, and 10% probability level, respectively