Table 1 Hypothesized variables, descriptions, and measurements in relation to crop–livestock diversity
Acronyms of variables | Variable class | Variables, units and measurement | Hypothesized |
|---|---|---|---|
Sign | |||
Dependent variable (Yi) | |||
Crop–livestock diversity | Continuous | Crop–livestock diversification index | |
Independent variable (Xi) | |||
AGE | Continuous | Age of a household head in years | (−/+) |
SEX | Discrete | Household head, 1 = male, 0 = female | (Male +) |
EDUC | Discrete | Education in year of schooling | (+) |
HHLAB | Continuous | Household labor in adults | (+) |
LAND | Continuous | Size of land in ha | (−) |
LIVES | Continuous | Livestock holding in TLU | (+) |
NONFINC | Continuous | Annual non-farm income, ETB yr−1 | (±) |
FINC | Continuous | Annual farm income, ETB yr−1 | (±) |
LROUT | Continuous | Land rent-out in ha | (−) |
OFERT | Continuous | Amount of organic fertilizer used in ton | (+) |
IRRIG | Continuous | Cultivated irrigation land in ha | (+) |
IFERT | Continuous | Inorganic fertilizer applied in kg | (+) |
IMPSEED | Continuous | Improved seed in kg | (+) |
CREDIT | Discrete | Access to credit, Yes = 1, No = 0 | (+) |
EXTCONT | Continuous | Extension contact in days per month | (+) |
LTSECUR | Discrete | Land tenure security Yes = 1, 0 otherwise | (Secure +) |
SOIL | Discrete | Fertility of soil (high, medium, or low) | + |
DMKT | Continuous | Distance to the local market in hr | (−) |
DROAD | Continuous | Distance to the asphalt road in hr | (−) |
DKEBELE | Continuous | Distance to the Kebele office in hr | (−) |
SLOPE | Discrete | Slope class (steep, medium, flat) | (−/+) |
SOCIAL | Discrete | Social status, Yes = 1, No = 0 | (+) |