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TableĀ 7 Impact of use and non-use of CSA packages on food security estimated using HFCS of farmers by ESR

From: Effect of climate-smart agricultural practices on household food security in smallholder production systems: micro-level evidence from Kenya

Package

Ā 

HFCS

HDDS

Treated characteristics (Ī²1)

Untreated characteristics (Ī²2)

Impact/returns

Treated characteristics (Ī²1)

Untreated characteristics (Ī²2)

Impact/returns

C 1 F 0 R 0 S 0

Treated (X1)

49.14 (1.92)

49.52 (0.96)

āˆ’ā€‰0.38

5.31 (0.21)

6.06 (0.12)

āˆ’ā€‰0.25

Ā 

Untreated (X2)

52.35 (2.23)

65.07 (0.80)

āˆ’ā€‰12.72

5.68 (0.019)

6.89 (0.07)

āˆ’ā€‰1.21

Ā 

Level effects

āˆ’ā€‰3.21

āˆ’ā€‰15.54***

āˆ’ā€‰15.93

āˆ’ā€‰0.37*

āˆ’ā€‰0.83***

āˆ’ā€‰1.58

C 1 F 0 R 1 S 0

Treated

65.75 (7.24)

56.52 (2.25)

9.23

7.20 (0.55)

6.36 (0.18)

0.84

Ā 

Untreated

63.29 (3.68)

63.65 (0.78)

āˆ’ā€‰0.36

6.69 (0.31)

6.74 (0.07)

āˆ’ā€‰0.05

Ā 

Level effects

2.46

āˆ’ā€‰7.13***

2.1

0.51

āˆ’ā€‰0.38**

0.46

C 1 F 0 R 1 S 1

Treated

61.09 (3.37)

80.84 (2.72)

āˆ’ā€‰19.75

6.56 (0.30)

6.63 (0.10)

0.07

Ā 

Untreated

57.40 (2.63)

63.82 (0.80)

āˆ’ā€‰6.42

6.25 (0.23)

6.76 (0.06)

āˆ’ā€‰0.51

Ā 

Level effects

3.69

17.02***

āˆ’ā€‰2.73

0.32

āˆ’ā€‰0.13

āˆ’ā€‰0.20

C 1 F 1 R 0 S 0

Treated

55.77 (1.09)

65.81 (1.01)

āˆ’ā€‰10.04

6.14 (0.09)

7.04 (0.09)

āˆ’ā€‰0.90

Ā 

Untreated

59.44 (0.96)

69.11 (0.93)

āˆ’ā€‰9.67

6.29 (0.09)

7.18 (0.09)

āˆ’ā€‰0.89

Ā 

Level effects

āˆ’ā€‰3.67***

āˆ’ā€‰3.30***

āˆ’ā€‰13.34

āˆ’ā€‰0.15

āˆ’ā€‰0.14

āˆ’ā€‰1.04

C 1 F 1 R 0 S 1

Treated

63.89 (2.18)

69.99 (0.80)

āˆ’ā€‰6.10

6.70 (0.23)

7.52 (0.09)

āˆ’ā€‰0.82

Ā 

Untreated

63.59 (1.94)

63.69 (0.83)

āˆ’ā€‰0.10

6.76 (0.07)

6.75 (0.14)

0.01

Ā 

Level effects

0.30

6.30***

0.20

āˆ’ā€‰0.05

0.76***

āˆ’ā€‰0.05

C 1 F 1 R 1 S 0

Treated

74.70 (1.03)

62.72 (0.83)

11.98

7.66 (0.10)

6.35 (0.09)

1.31

Ā 

Untreated

75.75 (1.20)

60.64 (0.89)

15.11

7.90 (0.11)

6.51 (0.08)

1.39

Ā 

Level effects

āˆ’ā€‰1.05

2.08*

27.09

āˆ’ā€‰0.25**

āˆ’ā€‰0.16*

1.15

C 1 F 1 R 1 S 1

Treated

83.92 (1.01)

68.04 (0.82)

15.88

8.48 (0.11)

7.06 (0.10)

1.42

Ā 

Untreated

79.09 (1.23)

53.51 (0.82)

15.58

8.19 (0.12)

6.76 (0.07)

1.43

Ā 

Level effects

4.83***

4.53***

30.41

0.29**

0.31***

1.72

Pairwise correlation

Ā 
Ā 

HDDS

HFC

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

HDDS

1

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

HFC

0.9652***

1

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 
  1. Standard errors are in parentheses. C crop management, F field management, R risk reduction, S specific soil management