Skip to main content

Table 3 Estimation results (total consumption) with HH fixed effects

From: Vulnerability to seasonal food insecurity as an exposure to risk: the case of the Southern Province of Zambia

Variables

Full sample

NBH

BH

NBH

BH

(i) Income shock * month dummy

 May

− 0.275 (0.185)

− 0.198 (0.236)

− 0.363** (0.160)

− 0.237 (0.350)

− 0.361** (0.158)

 June

− 0.193 (0.139)

− 0.142 (0.200)

− 0.450*** (0.118)

− 0.022 (0.254)

− 0.459*** (0.119)

 July

− 0.193 (0.152)

− 0.130 (0.198)

− 0.334*** (0.087)

− 0.001 (0.209)

− 0.340*** (0.072)

 August

− 0.037 (0.134)

0.066–0.142

− 0.321*** (0.106)

0.104 (0.181)

− 0.333*** (0.097)

 September

− 0.143 (0.185)

− 0.020 (0.272)

− 0.399** (0.183)

− 0.184 (0.313)

− 0.404** (0.172)

 October

− 0.062 (0.131)

0.016 (0.176)

− 0.232 (0.151)

0.035 (0.244)

− 0.237 (0.159)

 November

− 0.277* (0.153)

− 0.152 (0.150)

− 0.840 (0.492)

− 0.142 (0.202)

− 0.806* (0.459)

 December

− 0.189 (0.179)

− 0.072 (0.245)

− 0.180 (0.121)

− 0.172 (0.283)

− 0.200 (0.126)

 January

− 0.046 (0.174)

0.008 (0.277)

− 0.096 (0.105)

0.074 (0.345)

− 0.100 (0.113)

 February

− 0.071 (0.144)

− 0.023 (0.207)

− 0.271* (0.144)

− 0.134 (0.281)

− 0.393*** (0.093)

 March

− 0.056 (0.119)

0.028 (0.180)

− 0.418*** (0.116)

0.057 (0.243)

− 0.529*** (0.145)

 April

− 0.272 (0.182)

− 0.016 (0.233)

− 1.483 (0.869)

− 0.149 (0.303)

− 1.367* (0.793)

(ii) Income shock * month dummy * cattle

 May

   

0.010 (0.034)

0.004 (0.105)

 June

   

− 0.035 (0.027)

0.035 (0.165)

 July

   

− 0.032* (0.018)

− 0.051 (0.171)

 August

   

− 0.010 (0.023)

0.098 (0.156)

 September

   

0.043 (0.027)

0.050 (0.121)

 October

   

− 0.006 (0.023)

0.050 (0.135)

 November

   

− 0.003 (0.023)

− 0.011 (0.153)

 December

   

0.027 (0.022)

0.093 (0.098)

 January

   

− 0.019 (0.030)

0.053 (0.112)

 February

   

0.030 (0.026)

0.277*** (0.096)

 March

   

− 0.009 (0.025)

0.242** (0.107)

 April

   

0.033 (0.025)

− 0.131 (0.189)

Fixed effect

 Period * village

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 Household

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 Period * Household

No

No

No

No

No

 (i) F-statistics

F(12,46)

F(12,43)

F(12,20)

F(12,43)

F(12,20)

 (Income Shock * Month Dummy)

0.84

0.84

21.42

0.54

17.45

 p value

0.6079

0.6092

0.0000

0.8746

0.0000

 (ii) F-statistics

   

F(12,43)

F(12,20)

 (Income shock * month dummy * cattle)

   

3.58

19.53

 p value

   

0.0010

0.0000

 Observations

6813

5132

1681

5132

1681

 R-squared

0.178

0.203

0.182

0.204

0.187

  1. Robust standard errors are in parentheses
  2. ***p < 0.01
  3. **p < 0.05
  4. *p < 0.1